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April 26, 2024
Maldives Isuzu Right drive Boom Crane trucks
The Isuzu boom crane truck is a piece of equipment that integrates lifting, loading, unloading, and transportation functions. It is widely used in the hoisting and transportation of infrastructure materials and other equipment such as municipal construction, coal mine engineering, and landscaping. The Isuzu boom crane truck can be operated left and right, rotated 360 degrees forward and backward, and rotated in all directions.
The optional tonnage of Isuzu boom crane truck is 2 tons, 3.2 tons, 4 tons, 5 tons, 6.3 tons, 8 tons, 10 tons, 12 tons, 16 tons, 18 tons, 20 tons, 25 tons, and 30 tons. The crane can For selection, you can choose a straight arm or a folding arm crane. The Isuzu boom crane truck is composed of a boom, turntable, frame, legs and other parts. The mechanical movements of the truck-mounted crane are realized through the movements of luffing, telescopic, rotating, winching and other mechanisms, and the lifting operation is realized through the combination of different movements.
Isuzu boom crane truck also called boom truck crane,mobile truck crane , truck mounted crane,telescopic straight boom crane,truck with crane , crane lorry,hydraulic arm crane for trucks,pickup truck mounted crane,light truck with crane,hydraulic crane telescopic boom,self loader truck with boom crane,telescopic boom truck mounted crane,flatbed knuckle boom truck crane etc.
The Maldives Isuzu right drive boom crane truck is a kind of engineering machinery and equipment specially designed for driving convenience and road safety. Its characteristics can be summarized into the following four aspects:
1. The Isuzu RHD mounted crane in the Maldives is flexible and efficient.
The Isuzu RHD mounted crane has a unique right-hand rudder design, which makes the operation more convenient and flexible, and can effectively increase the loading and unloading speed and improve work efficiency. At the same time, its design is simple and elegant, and its structure is stable, making it very suitable for working on busy construction sites.
2. Maldives Isuzu RHD boom truck crane has excellent safety performance.
Isuzu RHD boom truck crane is equipped with a variety of safety protection devices, such as emergency braking systems, overload protection systems, etc., which effectively avoids potential safety hazards caused by operators' misoperation or other reasons. Moreover, its structure is stable and easy to operate, making it very suitable for use under different working conditions.
3. Maldives Isuzu telescopic straight boom crane has good adaptability and stability.
The design of Isuzu telescopic straight boom crane takes into account the construction needs under different road conditions and environmental conditions. It can adapt to a variety of road terrains, such as urban roads, rural roads, etc., and can maintain stability at high speeds, improving overall work efficiency. .
4. Maldives Isuzu RHD boom crane truck has convenient maintenance features.
The Isuzu RHD boom crane truck adopts an easy-to-disassemble structural design and is equipped with easy-to-maintain parts to facilitate daily maintenance and troubleshooting. At the same time, it is made of wear-resistant and durable materials, which can effectively extend the service life of the equipment and save maintenance costs.
To sum up, the Maldives Isuzu right drive boom crane truck has the characteristics of high flexibility, good safety, strong adaptability, and easy maintenance. It is a construction machinery equipment with superior performance and reliable quality, and is suitable for various construction operations. occasions, providing users with a convenient, efficient and safe experience.
Isuzu right drive boom crane truck uses:
1. Hoisting operations: Isuzu telescopic straight boom crane can be used to hoist objects of various weights, such as building materials, large machinery and equipment, container goods, etc. It is widely used in construction sites, ports, warehouses and other places.
2. Road construction: Isuzu RHD boom truck crane can be used to transport and hoist various equipment and materials during road construction, such as steel plates, pipes, road stones, etc., to improve construction efficiency.
3. Accident rescue: Isuzu RHD boom crane truck can also be used for rescue and rescue at accident sites, such as transporting trapped vehicles and rescuing trapped people.
Isuzu right drive boom crane truck features:
1. High flexibility: Isuzu RHD boom truck crane is equipped with a flexible hydraulic telescopic arm and an easy-to-operate control system, which can quickly and flexibly carry out lifting operations in narrow spaces.
2. Strong safety: Isuzu RHD mounted crane is equipped with multiple safety protection systems, such as overload protection, limiters, emergency braking systems, etc., to ensure the safety of operators and the surrounding environment.
3. Large load capacity: Isuzu RHD boom crane truck can carry larger weights, has strong lifting capacity and stability, and is suitable for various lifting operation needs.
4. Convenient maintenance: Isuzu RHD boom truck crane adopts a modular design and an easy-to-disassemble structure, which facilitates maintenance and replacement of parts and extends the service life of the equipment.
To sum up, Isuzu right drive boom crane truck has the characteristics of high flexibility, strong safety, large load capacity, and convenient maintenance. It is suitable for various hoisting, lifting and transportation tasks, and provides convenience for engineering construction and rescue operations. , efficient solutions.
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April 24, 2024
How to customize airport vacuum washing sweeper for philippine customer?
The Isuzu road sweeper is a new type of efficient sweeping equipment that integrates road cleaning, garbage recycling and transportation. Isuzu road sweeper are widely used for road cleaning on trunk roads, municipal and airport pavements, urban residential areas, parks and other roads.
Isuzu road sweeper can not only clean up garbage, but also remove dust and purify the air medium on the road, which not only ensures the beauty of the road, maintains the hygiene of the environment and the good working condition of the road surface, but also reduces and prevents the occurrence of traffic accidents.
The Isuzu FTR street sweeper truck consists of a 4X-class VC61 cab, chassis ,auxiliary engine ,air blower,mahnetic vavles ,dustbin ,water taner ,sweepring system ,suction system ,water sprinkling system ,hydraulic system ,electrical control system etc. 4 brooms sweeping system and suction system combine working high efficient.Water sprinklers equipped on brooms ,suction nozzles ,effective dust suppression.
The main uses of Isuzu road sweepers include:
1.City road cleaning:
Isuzu road sweeper can quickly and efficiently clean urban roads, sidewalks, crosswalks and other surfaces to prevent water accumulation and debris from causing inconvenience to traffic, and improve road cleanliness and traffic safety.
2.Parking lot cleaning:
Isuzu street sweeper truck can regularly clean the parking lot, remove garbage and dust generated when vehicles are parked, improve the parking environment, and enhance the overall hygiene level of the parking lot.
3.Public Square and Garden Cleaning:
Isuzu sweeping vehicle can clean leaves, paper scraps and other garbage in parks, squares, scenic spots and gardens, keeping public places clean and tidy, and improving people's leisure experience.
4.Industrial area cleaning:
Isuzu street cleaning vehicle can clean factory roads and workshop sites in industrial areas, remove generated industrial waste and debris, maintain environmental sanitation in industrial areas, and improve work efficiency and production quality.
1. Philippines Isuzu vacuum road sweeper has efficient cleaning capabilities.
The Isuzu vacuum road sweeper is equipped with powerful vacuum equipment and rotating brushes, which can quickly clean up garbage, dust and debris on the road to ensure that the road is clean and tidy. At the same time, the Isuzu vacuum road sweeper can also efficiently clean large areas of roads and improve road cleaning efficiency.
2. Philippines Isuzu sweeping vehicle is versatile.
The Isuzu sweeping vehicle can not only clean garbage on the road, but also clean the road surface, clean sewers and drainage ditches, effectively prevent rainwater siltation and road water accumulation, and improve the safety and service life of the road.
3. Isuzu street cleaning vehicle in the Philippines is environmentally friendly and energy-saving.
Isuzu street cleaning vehicle uses advanced cleaning technology and equipment to efficiently clean road garbage while reducing carbon dioxide emissions and environmental pollution. In addition, Isuzu street cleaning vehicle also uses energy-saving engines and intelligent control systems, which can effectively save energy consumption and reduce operating costs.
4. The Philippine Isuzu road sweeper has the characteristics of convenient operation and maintenance.
The Isuzu road sweeper adopts a user-friendly design, which is simple and convenient to operate and can be easily mastered by the driver. At the same time, the maintenance of Isuzu road sweepers is relatively simple and the maintenance cost is low, which improves the reliability and service life of the equipment.
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April 23, 2024
How to customize isuzu rear loader for philippine customer?
Isuzu compactor trash truck is a special vehicle specially used for garbage processing and transportation. Its main function is to effectively compress and load garbage, thereby reducing the volume of garbage and increasing transportation efficiency. Isuzu compactor trash truck is usually widely used in urban garbage removal, domestic waste processing centers, factories and large commercial complexes, etc. It is one of the indispensable and important facilities in modern cities.
Isuzu garbage compactor truck (also called waste compactor truck, garbage compactor truck, trash compactor, refuse collection truck, compactor garbage truck,rubbish truck, bin wagon, dustcart, bin lorry, waste collection vehicle) is designed to collect and transport municipal solid waste.
Customers in different regions have different needs for waste collector truck, such as customers in the Philippines. The Philippines has mountainous terrain and narrow roads, so customized Isuzu waste collector truck need to have a smaller body size and moderate capacity so that they can be used in small areas. Driving and operating on the road.
At the same time, considering the lack of waste treatment facilities in some parts of the Philippines, vehicles with appropriate capacities need to be customized to ensure efficient transportation and processing of waste. Therefore, we will customize the size and capacity of the vehicle according to the customer's needs to ensure that the customer's requirements can be met.
Environmentally friendly advantages of Isuzu waste disposal truck:
1. Reduce the spread of odor: Through efficient compression technology, Isuzu rear loader garbage truck can effectively suppress the spread of odor during the collection and transfer process of garbage, reducing the impact on the surrounding environment and residents' lives.
2. Reduce sewage discharge: The vehicle adopts a closed design, which can effectively prevent the leakage of sewage and residues generated during the garbage treatment process, thereby reducing environmental pollution.
3. Resource utilization: Isuzu garbage disposal truck, combined with corresponding garbage disposal facilities, can realize the resource utilization of domestic waste, such as composting, incineration and power generation, etc. Through resource utilization, it can not only reduce waste emissions but also create certain economic benefits.
Isuzu 600P/NKR 8cbm waste collector truck:
It uses Isuzu 4KH1 120-horsepower engine and 5-speed transmission, with air conditioning, steering assist, central locking, electric glass, etc. The cargo box is a curved box, and the box body is made of high-strength steel plate (the material can be customized). The thickness of the two sides of the box is 4mm, and the thickness of the bottom is 4mm. The electronic control system uses CAN bus and special controller operation panels (2 in total: 1 in the cab and 1 on the right side of the loader) with one-button operation. Loader lift cylinder with balancing valve. Two waste water tanks are provided as standard.
Isuzu FVR 10cbm rear load trash truck:
It adopts Isuzu 6HK1 240 horsepower and MLD 6-speed transmission, with air conditioning, power steering, central locking, electric doors and windows, etc. The cargo box is a curved box, and the box body is made of high-strength steel plate (the material can be customized). The thickness of the two sides of the box is 4mm and the bottom thickness is 5mm. It adopts Zhongmei multi-way valve, and the electronic control system adopts CAN bus and special controller operation panel (2 in total: 1 in the cab and 1 on the right side of the filler), with one-button operation. The loader lifting cylinder is equipped with a balance valve and two foot pedals.
Isuzu 6x4 GIGA 20cbm garbage removal truck:
The new Isuzu VC61 level cab adopts Isuzu 6UZ1 420 horsepower and Fast 12-speed transmission, with heating and cooling air conditioning, power steering, central locking, electric doors and windows, multi-function steering wheel, etc. The cargo box is a curved box, and the box body is made of high-strength steel plate (the material can be customized). The thickness of the two sides of the box is 5mm, and the bottom thickness is 6mm (the thickness can be customized). Adopt advanced electronic control system, PLC (programmable controller) integrated control, generate control circuit in PLC, use logic loop to ensure that operation instructions are executed in sequence, dedicated controller operation panel (2 in total: 1 in the cab, fill in 1 on the right side of the loader), with one-button operation. Loader lift cylinder with balancing valve. Two waste water tanks are provided as standard.
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April 23, 2024
How to find good Isuzu refrigerated trucks in Russia?
Isuzu refrigerator truck is a closed van transport truck specially used to transport goods that need to be refrigerated or kept fresh. Isuzu refrigerator truck is equipped with specialized refrigeration equipment to maintain the temperature and humidity inside the vehicle within a suitable range, thereby ensuring the freshness and quality of the goods.
Isuzu Russia refrigerated truck is a vehicle specially designed to transport perishable food and goods. It mainly carries refrigeration equipment to keep the goods transported at a constant temperature. The following are the main uses of refrigerated trucks in the Russias:
1. Food transportation:
Russia refrigerated trucks are widely used in the food industry and are responsible for transporting fresh, frozen or refrigerated food from production sites to markets or merchants. Isuzu refrigerator wagon can ensure that food remains fresh and safe throughout the transportation process, preventing food from spoiling or being contaminated by bacteria.
2. Medical product distribution:
Isuzu refrigerated boxcar are also used to transport pharmaceutical and medical products, such as vaccines, plasma and medicines. These products need to be stored under constant temperature conditions to ensure their effectiveness and safety. Isuzu refrigerated boxcar ensure that these medical products are not damaged during long-distance transportation by providing a constant temperature environment.
3. Flower transportation:
Isuzu freezer vehicle are also used to transport flowers and plants, especially in tropical climates where flowers are prone to fading and withering. By transporting them in a constant temperature environment, refrigerated trucks can extend the shelf life of flowers and keep them beautiful and fresh.
4. Distribution of fishery products:
As a country rich in seafood, Isuzu freezer wagon are also widely used in the distribution of seafood and fishery products in the Russias. Fresh seafood needs to be transported at low and constant temperatures to prevent bacterial growth and spoilage. Refrigerated trucks can ensure that seafood is fresh and safe during distribution, maintaining its original taste and quality.
Overall, Russia refrigerated trucks play a vital role in the food, medical, flower and seafood distribution industries, meeting people's demand for high-quality products by providing a constant temperature environment to keep goods fresh and safe.
1. ISUZU KV100 freezer vehicle:
Isuzu 3X wide-body cab, equipped with Isuzu 4KH1 120 horsepower and MSB 5-speed gearbox, with air conditioning, steering assist, central locking, electric glass, etc. The interior and exterior materials of the cargo compartment are made of: fiberglass/color steel. The insulation layer is made of polyurethane foam. The thickness of the insulation layer is 8cm. It uses a Carrier refrigeration unit imported from the United States. It has a good thermal insulation effect and can effectively prevent external heat from entering the compartment and keep the internal temperature stable. . Various types of ventilation hoods, hooks, etc. can be customized.
2. ISUZU 700P/NQR refrigerated truck:
Isuzu 3X wide-body cab, equipped with Isuzu 4HK1 190 horsepower and MLD 6-speed gearbox, with air conditioning, steering assist, central locking, electric glass, etc. The interior and exterior materials of the cargo compartment are made of: fiberglass/color steel, the insulation layer is made of polyurethane foam, the thickness of the insulation layer is 8cm, and the inside and outside are covered with 2.5mm glass fiber. The Isuzu 700P refrigerated truck uses Carrier refrigeration units imported from the United States. Since Russia has very high requirements for the insulation performance of refrigerated trucks, they can be customized according to needs.
3. ISUZU 6x4 FVZ refrigerated truck:
It adopts Isuzu 6HK1 300-horsepower engine and Fast 9-speed gearbox, which is powerful. With air conditioning, steering assist, central locking, etc. The interior and exterior materials of the cargo compartment are made of: fiberglass/color steel, the insulation layer is made of polyurethane foam, the bottom thickness is 105mm, the thickness of the side door and rear door is 85mm, the refrigeration unit uses a Carrier refrigeration unit imported from the United States, and the temperature can reach: -20 degrees to 0 degrees.
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April 22, 2024
Working principle of Isuzu vacuum suction truck
Isuzu vacuum suction truck also known as fecal suction truck and cleaning truck, is a special vehicle specially used to clean sewage, sludge and other liquids containing solid particles. Isuzu vacuum suction truck is used in the fields of urban cleaning, environmental protection and sewage treatment. plays an important role.
Isuzu vacuum suction truck is mainly composed of vehicle body, vacuum pump, high-pressure water pump, sewage tank, sewage suction pipeline, hydraulic system and other components. The working principle of Isuzu vacuum suction truck is to generate negative pressure through a vacuum pump, suck the dirt into the sewage tank, and then use the high-pressure water pump and water spray pipeline to perform high-pressure flushing of the cleaning object, and finally realize the cleaning and treatment of the dirt.
Isuzu vacuum suction truck (also called truck mounted sewage cleaner,vacuum cleaner truck ,vacuum suction truck ,vacuum suction tanker ,vacuum waste collection truck ,sewage suction truck,sewage vacuum truck ,waste vacuum truck ,sewer truck ,cesspit emptier ,gully emptier,etc.) is used to collect, transport and discharge liquid such as dirty water,sludge,septic,crude oil and solid stuff such as small stones,bricks as well.It is suitable for cleaning the sewer,cesspit,gully ,etc. It is widely used in environment and sanitation field.
Complete Vehicle Parameter
Vehicle
Isuzu vacuum suction truck
Overall dimension (mm)
7850×2470×3200
Sewage tank (m3)
10
Gross vehicle weight (kg)
18000
Curb weight (kg)
8048
Payload (kg)
9757
Wheel base (mm)
4500
Max speed (km/h)
95
Chassis Parameter
Cabin
Flat top cabin,a sleeper,power steering, air conditioner, 3 passengers,left hand drive
Drive form
4×2
Engine
Brand: ISUZU
Model: 4HK1-TC50, 205hp
Type: diesel, turbocharged, 6 cylinder.
Displacement: 5193ml
Emission standard: Euro 5
Gearbox
Isuzu MLD, 6 forward,1 reverse, manual operated
Tire model
1000R20
No.of tires
6pcs, with 1pc spare tire
Superstructure Parameter
Characteristic
1. Sewage tank volume 10000 liter.
2. Sewage tank material is carbon steel,thickness 6mm.
3. Sewage suction pipe 1pcs, length 7m.
4. Hydraulic lifting sewage tank,rear cover can open.
5. Equipped with PTO.
6. Equipped with vacuum pump.
7. Equipped with oil water separator, overflow valve,looking sewage window, self flow exit,hand washing device.
Performance
(1) Vertical suction ≥ 7m.
(2) Pumping speed : 45L/s.
(3) Intake and exhaust diameter: 50mm.
(4) Full tank pumping time ≤ 5min.
(5) Sewage tank emptying time ≤ 4min.
Accessory of sewage suction function:Equipped with PTO, transmission shaft, vacuum suction sewage pump, high pressure molding tank, moisture separator, gas-oil separation, multiple directional control valve, hanger rod, self-discharging valve, suck fecal gun and pipe network system.
Vacuum tank capacity ranges from 3,000 Liters to 20,000 liters
Features:
1.Cylinder vacuum tank can be lifted hydraulically to 40-45 degree.Rear door can be opened and closed hydraulically.
2.Adopt EU vacuum pump (Italy brand) or equivalent China top brand double vacuum pumps,super powerful,highly efficient.
3.Pump can be operated by a hydraulic motor or by an auxiliary engine.
4.Overfill system with music horn is equipped ,preventing the vacuum pump damage from sewage water into vacuum pump when the tank is full.
5.Nice shape ,rational structure,durable and long service life.
Working principle of Isuzu vacuum suction truck:
1. Inhalation
The first step in the work of the Isuzu vacuum suction truck is to suck in sewage or sludge. The suction work mainly relies on vacuum pumps and suction tubes. The vacuum pump generates negative pressure in the airtight container and evacuates the air in the tank to form a vacuum state. The suction pipe is connected to the working tank through a foam seal and placed in the sewage or sludge. The sewage or sludge is sucked into the tank through the action of the vacuum pump.
2. Transport
After inhaling sewage or sludge, the Isuzu septic suction truck will transport the liquid material in the tank to centralized treatment or treatment equipment through the clutch, drive shaft and hydraulic system. The drive shaft transports the liquid material in the tank to the centralized processing equipment through the power generated by the engine. The liquid material in the tank will be assisted by a stirring device during transportation to ensure the uniformity and consistency of the liquid material.
3. Filtering
In the process of transporting liquid materials, Isuzu sewer vacuum truck will filter out the solid particles and impurities through the filtration system to ensure that the transported liquid materials are clean and pure. Filtration systems generally include components such as filters, filters, and filter pumps. The filter can effectively filter out larger particles of solid matter through the design of the mesh size and structure; the filter can further filter out tiny particles through the characteristics of the filter material and the setting of the penetration pore size; the filter pump uses power The filtered solid matter is removed from the filtration system by means of transfer.
4. Emissions
The filtered liquid material will be sent to downstream processing equipment for further processing. Treatment equipment can select appropriate treatment methods according to the properties and uses of liquid substances, including precipitation, filtration, dehydration, regeneration, etc. At the same time, after the treatment is completed, the Isuzu industrial vacuum truck will discharge the processed cleaning liquid through the discharge device to complete the entire sewage suction process.
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April 19, 2024
Introduction and uses of Isuzu aerial lift bucket truck
Isuzu aerial lift bucket truck also known as lifting platform truck, is a kind of mechanical equipment specially used for high-altitude operations. Isuzu aerial lift bucket truck is mainly used to provide a safe working platform for people to work at heights.
Isuzu aerial lift bucket truck can be used in construction sites, industrial facilities, public facilities, power lines and other places where high-altitude operations are required. Isuzu aerial lift bucket truck usually have telescopic arms, rotation functions and lifting platforms, which can directly lift workers to the required working height, providing a safe and stable working environment and facilitating high-altitude maintenance, installation, cleaning, inspection and other work. Isuzu aerial work truck can replace traditional scaffolding, lifts and other equipment, improve work efficiency, reduce labor intensity and ensure the safety of workers.
Isuzu aerial work truck also called man lift truck, aerial work platform truck,aerial platform truck,bucket working truck,folding arm aerial trucks, self-propelled aerial work platforms, telescopic boom aerial work truck. articulated telescopic bucket lift, truck mounted platform, high platform truck,high altitude operation truck,telescoping hydraulic lift truck,truck mounted aerial platform,high-up truck,telescopic bucket truck,hydraulic cage lift truck,truck mounted man lift,boom bucket truck,lifting platform truck,truck mounted articulating boom,truck with basket,overhead working truck,articulated telescopic bucket lift, truck mounted platform, high platform truck, man lift vehicle.
Main specification
Chassis brand
I SUZU
Chassis model
QL1040BUHAY
Overall dimension(L*W*H)
6080x2150x3050mm
Gross / Curb weight
6800kg / 5275kg
Chassis
Drive modle
4*2 left hand drive
Wheel Base
3360 mm
Tyre size & number
700R16, with one spare tyre
Fuel/Engine type:
Diesel,Vertical in-line, water-cooled, four stroke, electronically controlled high pressure common rail
Engine model
4KH1CN6LB
Engine horse power
120HP (88KW)
Emission
Euro 6
Transmission
5 speed forward, 1 reverse
Working condition
Maximum operating height
16 m
Max. bucket bottom height
14 m
Rotation
360°
Boom Type
3Sections telescopic boom
Outrigger type
Outrigger type
Front V Rear H type. Controlled independently
Outrigger span
Vertical
4000mm
horizontal
4350mm
Basket
Rated loading weight
200kg
L*W*H
1500x700x1150mm
Operation system
Operation
4 operation mode: Electrical operation of working platform ,ground remote control ,controller in the bucket,and emergency lever.
Control system
Electro hydraulic proportional control system and optional load proportional system can realize double action synchronization and stepless speed regulation
Leveling system
Hydraulic automatic leveling
Security configuration
Automatic interlocking device for up and down
For locking up and down the truck to prevent the risk of misoperation.
Basket
360 degree rotation
Horizontal function
Real time display
Emergency electric emergency pump
When the engine and main pump failure, the operator can be sent back to the ground.
Features:
Aerial platform truck superstructure :
1. Aerial working height 14m,16m,18m,20m,22m,24m,26m,28m,30m,32m.
2. the rotation system will allow continuous 360-degree rotation, with a safety system to prevent sudden drops in case of failure
3. Aerial basket is moving system with dual action commands, one at ground level and the other at the level of the basket
4. truck equipped with two rotating amber lights
5. Aerial platform working truck equipped with balance valve ,emergency valve to keep safety when people overhead working.
Various of operation modes:
Electrical operation of working platform ,ground remote control,
emergency lever on turntable and controller in the bucket.
Controlled by computer:
computer displays the working conditions of vehicle in real time.
As professional aerial working truck/manlifter truck factory,
we provide different kinds of aerial truck to meet different customers requirements.
1. Aerial working height : 14m - 32m.
2. Different emission standard :Euro 2,Euro 3,Euro 4,Euro 5
3. Drive type : 4X2,4X4.6X4,6X6
4. Cabin option double-row ( 6 passengers ) and single row(3 passengers).
5. Steering wheel has left hand drive and right hand drive.
6. Aerial bucket can choose FRP, carbon steel, aluminum alloy.